BDIPaper
Banca d'Italia surveyed 5,000 micro-enterprises in 2025, finding an average financial literacy score of 74 percent.
BISPaper
A Bank for International Settlements study finds that payment flow volatility and thin interbank trading drive banks to hold costly excess central bank reserves.
RIKSBANKPaper
Integrating variable labour utilisation and employment adjustment costs into the Riksbank's MAJA model allows dynamic stochastic general equilibrium frameworks to replicate procyclical labour productivity following monetary policy shocks, according to a research memo published in September 2026.
FEDPaper
Currency depreciation raises foreign affiliate profits and cross-border investment income rather than stimulating domestic factory production, according to Federal Reserve research.
BOEPaper
A 25-basis-point rate hike lowers long-term output by 0.12 percent because firms without cash-flow credit cut research outlays, according to a Bank of England working paper.
BOEPaper
The Basel III 72.5 percent output floor reduces risk-weighted asset volatility by 20 percent and mitigates credit-to-GDP swings in the UK.
BOJPaper
Net income at Japan’s major financial groups rose 32.7 percent to ¥6.0 trillion in fiscal 2025 as rising yen interest rates widened lending spreads.
BOCPaper
A Bank of Canada working paper reveals that lean inventory systems accelerate the propagation of river flood shocks through global supply chains, pushing output losses up to 7.5 percent compared to 4.0 percent under abundant inventories across 244 simulated flood scenarios.
CBRPaper
A Bank of Russia working paper finds that Russian inflation expectations have become more anchored since late 2025 as households assign lower probabilities to extreme inflation outcomes.
FEDPaper
A Federal Reserve Board study finds that pandemic remote work migration drove faster rent increases in previously low-rent areas than in high-rent markets between 2019 and 2022.
BISPaper
Proliferating zombie firms in ten Asian emerging economies reduce domestic growth and export disinflation to advanced economies through global supply chains.