Banco de España
BDEPaper
Spanish pension funds show negative returns after fees
A Banco de España paper analyzes the financial performance of Spanish individual pension funds.
Focus
BDEPaper
AI-powered indicators quantify economic uncertainty from news
Researchers at the Banco de España have developed Retrieval-Augmented Uncertainty Indicators (RAUI), a new methodology using AI and newspaper data to generate topic-specific economic uncertainty measures.
BDESpeech
Núñez Ramos: Climate and geopolitics reshape financial stability framework
Soledad Núñez Ramos, Deputy Governor of the Banco de España, stated at the FINRESP Annual Assembly on March 2, 2026, that sustainability, competitiveness, and geopolitics are fundamentally reshaping the prudential framework.
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BDENews
Spanish firms perceive improved bank financing access, pace slows
Spanish companies reported continued improvement in access to bank financing in the fourth quarter of 2025, though at a decelerating rate.
BDENews
Centralized information point launched on Banco de España website
The Banco de España has launched a new centralized information point on its website.
BDEPaper
Euro area prices became more flexible during recent inflation surge
A Banco de España working paper reveals that consumer prices in the euro area became significantly more flexible during the 2021-2024 inflation cycle.
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BDEPaper
Production networks amplify foreign shocks, worsen monetary policy trade-offs
A new working paper from Banco de España and ECB economists analyzes how production networks transmit foreign price shocks and reshape monetary policy trade-offs.
BDENews
Spain and Ukraine central banks deepen digital and support cooperation
The Bank of Spain and the National Bank of Ukraine have signed an agreement to enhance cooperation in digital transformation, psychological support for war-affected staff, and study visits.
BDEPaper
Spanish regions show varied labor productivity trends, Madrid leads
A Banco de España Occasional Paper analyzes labor productivity in Spanish regions from 2000 to 2022, highlighting the sustained leadership of a cluster comprising Madrid, the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands, driven by strong tertiarization.
BDESpeech
Bank of Spain integrates climate risk across all core functions
Deputy Governor Soledad Núñez outlined the Bank of Spain's comprehensive strategy to integrate climate and environmental risks across its core functions.
BDESpeech
Institutional quality crucial for Spain's economic growth
Bank of Spain Governor José Luis Escrivá highlighted the critical role of institutional quality for economic growth and social welfare at the VI Observatorio de las Finanzas on February 17, 2026.
BDENews
Spain's public debt-to-GDP ratio falls to 100.8 percent
Spain's public debt, measured under the Excessive Deficit Procedure, stood at 100.8 percent of GDP in December 2025, a 0.9 percentage point decrease from the previous year.