Banque de France
BDFPaper
Carbon taxes generate 56 percent larger losses in rural areas
A carbon tax cutting emissions by 10 percent causes 56 percent higher welfare losses in rural areas than in Paris, according to a Banque de France study.
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BDFPaper
Green bond holdings double to 21.6 billion euros
Green bond holdings at the Banque de France reached 21.6 billion euros in 2025 as the central bank expanded its responsible investment strategy.
BDFPaper
Rural households face 56 percent larger carbon tax welfare losses
Carbon taxation reducing emissions by 10 percent generates 56 percent larger welfare losses for rural households than for Parisians, according to a Banque de France paper.
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BDFPaper
Structural offsets keep euro area rate transmission uniform
A Banque de France study of the eleven founding euro area members from 2000 to 2025 finds that monetary policy transmission is more homogeneous across countries than widely assumed, as national structural differences largely offset one another.
BDFPaper
French SME repayment capacity weakens as turnover growth stalls
French small and intermediate enterprises faced deteriorating credit repayment capacity in 2025 despite solid profit shares and stable cash reserves, according to Banque de France tax data.
BDFData
Operational emissions drop 35 percent, beating 2025 target
Greenhouse gas emissions at the Banque de France fell 35 percent between 2019 and 2025, beating the 25 percent reduction target.
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BDFPaper
Transmission protection drives 80 percent of ECB policy events
A Banque de France study identifies transmission protection as an active policy dimension in over 80 percent of ECB meetings since 2010.
BDFPaper
Nature lawsuits reduce corporate market values by 1.8 percent
Nature-related lawsuits reduce corporate valuations by an average of 1.76 percent around court rulings, according to a Banque de France working paper.
BDFPaper
Climate stress tests raise spreads for new high emitters by 10bp
Participating in the ECB climate stress test led euro area banks to reallocate credit away from carbon-intensive clients and charge 10 basis points higher spreads on new high-emitting borrowers, according to a Banque de France study of over two million loan records.
BDFData
French Q3 GDP growth projected at 0.2 percent
The Banque de France estimates French GDP will grow by 0.2 percent in the third quarter of 2026, matching Q2 expansion.
BDFNews
France maintains 99.8 percent cash access as private points expand
Metropolitan France maintained near-universal access to cash at the end of 2025, with 99.8 percent of the population living within 15 minutes of a withdrawal point.
BDFDecoder
Input shortages trigger longer inflation than shipping delays
Banque de France researchers have developed the Global Supply Chain Tension Index to separate input-production shortages from transportation disruptions.