Spain's Credit Register sees record access, rising risk

The Banco de España's Credit Register (CIR) underwent significant digital transformation in 2025, enhancing its public service and analytical capabilities.

A key commitment was simplifying reporting burdens for entities through intensive CIR use, aligning with the European integrated reporting agenda.

Technological advancements, including digitalization and robotization, decisively improved citizen access rights and claims processing, resulting in a record 1.5 million reports provided to citizens—a 52 percent increase from 2024.

This modernization reinforced data quality, coherence, and traceability, integrating microdata into the corporate data lake for enhanced analytical exploitation.

The CIR's strategic contribution to the Banco de España's 2030 Strategic Plan was evident, reinforcing its role as a more accessible, digital, and useful public service.

Operations, risk holders, and total risk volume saw an upward progression.

The overall credit declared to the CIR maintained a growth trajectory in 2025, with increases in both operations and total risk volume.

Mortgage financing for housing acquisition by individuals showed notable dynamism, with new operations growing by 14.4 percent.

Fixed-rate mortgages consolidated their dominance, accounting for 8 out of 10 new operations.

Financing for SMEs remained stable, with over 4.7 million active operations and a slight 0.3 percent growth in total risk, exceeding €300 billion.

Micro-enterprises dominated in terms of number of holders, while small and medium-sized enterprises held the bulk of the risk.

Credit to self-employed individuals showed a clearly expansive trend, with operations growing by 4.0 percent and total direct risk by 7.1 percent, reaching €158 billion.