BDI
Paper
Credit demand and supply slows across Italian regions
The Banca d'Italia's latest Regional Bank Lending Survey for the second half of 2025 shows a slowdown in credit demand across Italian macro-regions.
AI Paper Curation
SARB
Paper
SARB framework creates sustained money market surplus
The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) introduced a new surplus-based monetary policy implementation framework in June 2022, leading to sustained surplus liquidity in the banking system.
SARB
Paper
Financial sector activity drives South African corporate credit growth
South African corporate credit growth accelerated significantly over the past year, primarily driven by strong demand from the financial sector.
SARB
Paper
Gold surpasses Euro as second largest reserve asset
Central banks globally have significantly increased their gold reserves, leading gold to surpass the euro as the world's second-largest reserve asset after the US dollar.
BDE
Paper
LLM performance in audit supervision: Retriever vs. Reasoner
A Banco de España Occasional Paper evaluates Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines for external audit supervision.
BDI
Paper
BCRA
Paper
BCRA journal explores inflation, debt, exchange controls
The Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA) has published Issue 87 of its academic journal, Economic Essays, featuring four studies on key macroeconomic challenges.
RIKSBANK
Paper
Swedish banks reallocate credit from vulnerable firms after invasion
A Riksbank Staff Memo finds that Swedish banks reallocated credit away from energy-intensive and financially vulnerable firms after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
CBR
Paper
Fiscal impulse drives inflation in some Russian regions
The Central Bank of Russia (CBR) published a working paper quantifying the heterogeneous impact of fiscal impulse on inflation across Russian regions.
BDE
Paper
Spanish market competition stable despite rising concentration
A Banco de España study finds no widespread deterioration of aggregate competition indicators in Spain over the past two decades.
SARB
Paper
SA 2025 financial flows: Risk aversion, lower foreign inflows
A South African Reserve Bank note details the flow of funds in 2025, highlighting improved domestic economic activity and shifts in sectoral financing.
SARB
Paper
SARB expands public finance statistics coverage
The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) will expand its public finance statistics in the Quarterly Bulletin to include public deposit-taking corporations (PDTCs).