BDFPaper
A Banque de France survey of 4,000 residents shows household inflation perceptions averaged 9.5 percent in late 2025, despite official inflation dropping to 0.8 percent.
DKNBPaper
Fifty-nine percent of Danish firms now use AI tools, but adoption ranges from four in five in information and communication to just over 20 percent in construction.
DKNBPaper
Employment in AI-exposed occupations at adopting firms sits roughly 25 percent below trend by late 2025, against 7 percent elsewhere.
BDFPaper
The Banque de France has revised down its 2026 French GDP growth forecast by 0.1 percentage point to 0.4 percent.
ECBPaper
A European Central Bank working paper by Valerio Scalone and Silvana Tenreyro finds that monetary tightening cycles increase private-sector debt-service ratios, amplifying the economic impact of subsequent rate hikes while rate cuts become progressively less effective.
BISPaper
A Bank for International Settlements working paper shows that public blockchain indicators produce distorted economic metrics, with Bitcoin transaction values varying up to sixfold depending on methodology.
BDEPaper
A comparative study of 35 central banks and supervisory authorities by the Banco de España shows that transparency and accountability bolster public trust and institutional legitimacy.
BDEPaper
Nearly all central banks in the European Union publish operational and governance data beyond statutory requirements, according to a survey of 30 institutions.
BDIPaper
A legal digest by Banca d'Italia reviews Banking Union case law from the first half of 2025.
DNBPaper
Heightened economic uncertainty dampens the transmission of monetary policy to growth and inflation in the euro area, according to a De Nederlandsche Bank analysis published on September 14, 2026.
DNBPaper
A 25-basis-point monetary policy tightening reduces euro area output growth by 0.39 percentage points during calm periods but has statistically insignificant effects during high uncertainty, according to research by De Nederlandsche Bank covering data from 2003 to 2025.