BANXICOPaper
Enforcement actions yield 96 penalties worth 19.9 million pesos
Banco de México completed 77 inspection visits and imposed 96 sanctions totaling 19.88 million pesos under financial transparency rules in 2025.
AI Paper Curation
HKMAPaper
PE ties push Asian insurers toward opaque private credit
Private equity ownership in Asia-Pacific insurers rose to 36 percent over the past decade, driving higher allocations to opaque private credit.
BOJPaper
CBDC pilot achieves 50,000 transactions per second in test run
The Bank of Japan reported that its digital currency pilot reached 50,000 transactions per second during high-load tests.
BOJPaper
Record splitting lifts CBDC transaction capacity to 6,000 TPS
The Bank of Japan found no fatal technical barriers to central bank digital currency deployment after testing an experimental platform up to 50,000 transactions per second.
BANXICOPaper
Regional economies rebound as Mexican GDP expands 1.42 percent
Economic activity expanded across all four regions of Mexico during the second quarter of 2026, driving national GDP growth of 1.42 percent following a contraction in the previous quarter.
BANXICOPaper
ECBPaper
Euro area GDP growth raised to 0.9 percent amid energy price shock
ECB staff have raised the euro area real GDP growth projection to 0.9 percent for 2026, while projecting headline inflation to peak at 3.0 percent before easing to 2.1 percent in 2028.
BDFPaper
Random forests track real-time recession risk across asset classes
Banque de France researchers have developed a random forest model to extract market-implied recession probabilities in real time for the United States and the euro area.
BDEPaper
Inward FDI reaches 73 percent of Spanish GDP with US as top investor
Spain registered a net debtor foreign direct investment position of 13.5 percent of GDP in 2025, according to a Banco de España study.
BDEPaper
Six convergence clubs divide 98 regions across four EU economies
Income levels across 98 regions in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain cluster into six distinct convergence clubs rather than a single European baseline.
SNBPaper
Rate increases lower Swiss inflation expectations, paper finds
Monetary policy rate increases and hold decisions reduced Swiss household inflation expectations by up to 0.49 percentage points between 2023 and 2025, while policy rate cuts produced no significant reaction, according to a Swiss National Bank working paper.
BDIPaper
Market-wide digital euro fee caps beat merchant-specific limits
Market-wide fee caps for digital euro transactions are more robust and enforceable than individual merchant-level limits, according to a Banca d’Italia study.